출처 : http://virtualhive.tistory.com/120
마이크로소프트는 공식 블로그를 통해 클라우드 컴퓨팅 서비스인 Windows Azure 서비스를 오는 11월 정식으로
개시한다고 발표했습니다
아울러 요금체계도 공개를 했습니다.
클라우드 os인 Windows Azure는 시간당 $0.12, 스토리지는 1GB당 $ 0.15/월의 요금이 부관된다고 합니다
SQL Azure는 1GB의 RDB가 $9.99, 10GB의 RDB가 99.99의 이용료라고 하며 네트워크 대역 이용료는 1GB당
$0.10 ~ $0.15 가 부과된다고 합니다.
Amazon EC2, S3와의 본격적인 대결이 시작되겠군요,
PS1> 한국은 2010년 3월 개시 예정이랍니다.
2009년 10월 19일 월요일
Windows Azure
2009년 8월 25일 화요일
Hyper-V의 고가용성 실현 [technet 펌]
한 눈에 보기:
- Hyper-V를 사용하여 서버 통합
- 가상 컴퓨터의 고가용성 확보
- Windows Server 2008 장애 조치(failover) 설정
- Hyper-V와 VM이 실행 중인 실제 컴퓨터에 업데이트, 변경 또는 다시 부팅이 필요한 경우 VM을 클러스터의 다른 노드로 이동하고 실제 컴퓨터를 다시 사용할 수 있게 되면 VM을 다시 원래 위치로 이동할 수 있습니다.
- Hyper-V와 VM이 실행 중인 실제 컴퓨터에 오류가 발생(예: 메인보드 고장)하거나 심각한 작동 저하가 발생하는 경우 Windows 장애 조치(failover) 클러스터의 다른 구성원이 VM의 소유권을 넘겨받아 자동으로 온라인 상태로 만들 수 있습니다.
- VM에 오류가 발생하는 경우 동일한 Hyper-V 서버에서 다시 시작하거나 다른 Hyper-V 서버로 이동할 수 있습니다. Windows Server 장애 조치(failover) 클러스터는 이러한 작업을 감지하고 VM의 리소스 속성의 설정에 따라 자동으로 복구 단계를 수행합니다. 감지와 복구 자동화 덕분에 작동 중단 시간이 최소화됩니다.
- 클러스터의 각 노드에 대해 Windows Server 2008 장애 조치(failover) 클러스터 기능을 구성해야 합니다. 장애 조치(failover) 클러스터 구성 및 관리에 대한 자세한 내용은 "Hyper-V 리소스" 추가 기사를 참조하십시오.
- Hyper-V 역할을 설치해야 합니다. Hyper-V 업데이트를 설치해야 하며 장애 조치(failover) 클러스터의 각 노드에 역할을 구성해야 합니다. 마찬가지로 "Hyper-V 리소스" 추가 기사를 참조하십시오. Hyper-V에는 Hyper-V 서버 구성 요소를 설치하는 업데이트 패키지와 Hyper-V 관리 콘솔을 설치하는 업데이트 패키지가 있습니다. Hyper-V 서버 구성 요소용 업데이트를 설치한 다음에는 서버 관리자나 ServerManagerCMD를 통해 역할을 추가할 수 있습니다.
- 가상 컴퓨터에서 공유 저장소를 사용할 수 있도록 해야 합니다. 저장소는 장애 조치(failover) 클러스터에 의해 기본 제공 실제 디스크 리소스 유형으로서 관리될 수 있으며 타사 솔루션을 사용하여 공유 스토리지를 관리할 수도 있습니다. 물론 타사 솔루션은 Windows Server 2008 장애 조치(failover) 클러스터를 지원해야 합니다.
- Windows Server 2008용 Hyper-V 기술의 릴리스 버전을 위한 업데이트에 대한 설명
- Hyper-V 단계별 가이트: Hyper-V 및 장애 조치(failover) 클러스터링 테스트
- Windows Server 2008 Failover Clustering 소개(Chuck Timon, TechNet Magazine, 2008년 7월)
- Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V 가상 컴퓨터에서 예상대로 수렴되지 않는 NLB 호스트
- Win2008 클러스터 웹캐스트
- Windows Server 2008 장애 조치(failover) 클러스터에 대한 Microsoft 지원 정책
2009년 6월 17일 수요일
VM 내보내기 한 거 타 HOST 에서 가져오기 안될떄.
포럼을 뒤져본결과.
다음 내용이 있었따.
==================================================================================================
In http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/winserverhyperv/thread/85dc7d36-491f-4b02-88ac-63c1ed0d94db I described a problem when exporting from a Hyper-V server and trying to import into a different Hyper-V server in a different domain. The import failed and the event log contained:
Failed to import the virtual machine from import directory 'D:\HV\Test\Test4GB-3\'. Error: One or more arguments are invalid(0x80070057)
Well I've now identified the source of the problem. In the .exp file is:
<INSTANCE
CLASSNAME="Msvm_VirtualSystemGlobalSettingData">
...
<PROPERTY NAME="ScopeOfResidence" TYPE="string">
<VALUE>
e7668fbc-216e-4ed1-8ce3-3b932b42e22b
</VALUE>
</PROPERTY>
If I edit the .exp file and delete the <value>..</value> then the virtual machine imports with no errors.
==================================================================================================
한마디로 <VALUE> </VALUE>에 있는 값을 지워주면 되는것임다.
위내용은 내보내기 된 해당 폴더 내에 Virtual Machine 폴더 안에 exp 파일이 있다 편집으로 열어 2번째 줄에 있는 저 내용을 삭제 해주면됩니다.
그리고 다시 가상컴퓨터가져오기 하면.. 불러오기 끝... 아주 잘 되지요....
VM에서도 CRC 에러가 나는구나..
이게 뭔일. -_-;; 넥스텝은 뒤로 넘어져도 코가 깨지는 격이다.
이벤트로그를 뒤져보니
네이버에서 뒤져보니깐 일반적 서버 사용시 그냥 컴퓨터도 마찬가지고 하드웨어 적으로 문제가 있을때 발생되는 로그였다...
꼭 하드디스크 뿐만이 아니라. 문제가 그래픽 카드. 메모리 그 외에 문제도 될수 있단다..
그래서 VM 내보내기 백업본으로 다른 HOST 로 이전 예정...
-_-)/ 니가 서버 따라하는구나.. 그래봤자 가상환데..
2009년 6월 1일 월요일
2009년 5월 28일 목요일
SCDPM2007 - 에이전트 설치 에러 0x80070643
SCDPM2007을 설치하시고 관리콘솔을 통해 Windows Server 2008에 에이전트를 설치하시는데 아래와 같은 에러 메시지를 보신적이 있으신가요?
정확한 자료를 찾아본 것은 아니지만 SCDPM2007이 최초에는 Windows Server 2008을 지원하지 못했나봅니다.
다음 Feature Pack, Service Pack, Hotfix를 설치하시고, 새로운 버전(2.0.8811.0)의 에이전트로 다시 시도해보시면 설치가 된답니다.
[서버업데이트 세부과정]
1. System Center Data Protection Manager 2007 Feature Pack (x86/x64)을 설치합니다.
2. System Center Data Protection Manager 2007 Service Pack 1 (x86/x64)을 설치하고 재부팅합니다.
3. DPM 2007 SP1 Hotfix - KB:961502 (x86/x64)을 설치합니다.
위의 모든 업데이트를 진행하시고도 동일한 에러가 발생하신다면 아래 경로를 이용하여 에이전트를 수동으로 배포합니다.
[에이전트 수동배포]
1. 명령창을 실행하고 SCDPM2007서버의 C:\Program Files\Microsoft DPM\DPM\Agents\RA\2.0.8811.0 경로로 원격접근합니다. 2.0.8811.0폴더 하부에 두 개의 설치용 폴더가 있으며 OS의 32비트 또는 64비트 여부에 따라 64비트는 \amd64, 32비트는 \i386 에 접근합니다.
2. 접근 또는 복사한 폴더 안의 1042내부로 접근하면 DPMAgentInstaller_KB961502.exe 또는 DPMAgentInstaller_KB961502_AMD64.exe 파일을 보실수 있는데, DPMAgentInstaller_KB961502.exe <DPM서버FQDN>를 실행하여 강제로 에이전트를 설치합니다. 정상적으로 설치된 경우 아래와 같이 Istallation Success 명령창이 나타나며, 에이전트가 설치된 컴퓨터는 재부팅을 필요로 합니다.
3. 수동으로 에이전트를 설치한 컴퓨터는 SCDPM2007서버에서 관리쉘을 이용하여 서버에 등록해야합니다. 관리쉘에서 Attach-ProductionServer.ps1 <DPM서버명> <설치서버명> <사용자이름> <암호> <도메인명>을 입력하여 서버에 등록합니다.
다음과 같이 에이전트 탭에 에이전트 상태가 정상으로 나타나면 등록완료랍니다.
2009년 5월 14일 목요일
타host내보내기한거가져오기안될떄.txt
In http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/winserverhyperv/thread/85dc7d36-491f-4b02-88ac-63c1ed0d94db I described a problem when exporting from a Hyper-V server and trying to import into a different Hyper-V server in a different domain. The import failed and the event log contained:
Failed to import the virtual machine from import directory 'D:\HV\Test\Test4GB-3\'. Error: One or more arguments are invalid(0x80070057)
Well I've now identified the source of the problem. In the .exp file is:
<INSTANCE
CLASSNAME="Msvm_VirtualSystemGlobalSettingData">
...
<PROPERTY NAME="ScopeOfResidence" TYPE="string">
<VALUE>
e7668fbc-216e-4ed1-8ce3-3b932b42e22b
</VALUE>
</PROPERTY>
If I edit the .exp file and delete the <value>..</value> then the virtual machine imports with no errors.
02d785cd-179e-4192-a954-d953a0f29bda
dpm 관련 다운로드 링크
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb808894.aspx
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=e9e1fe35-b175-40a8-8378-2f306ccc9e28&DisplayLang=en
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/results.aspx?freetext=DataProtectionManager2007-KB949779.exe&displaylang=en&stype=s_basic
System Center Data Protection Manager 2007 - Evaluation Software
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?displaylang=en&FamilyID=880a6de5-08d7-4b2f-bc1f-caa784634575
System Center Data Protection Manager 2007 Service Pack 1 (64bit)
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=8AE5EDAC-4DE8-44E0-A6F9-8AFBB3E23585&displaylang=en
System Center Data Protection Manager 2007 Feature Pack (x64)
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=AD5CD1A2-9B87-4A2C-90A2-9DBAF1024310&displaylang=en
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/results.aspx?freetext=DataProtectionManager2007-KB949779.exe&displaylang=en&stype=s_basic sp1 및 핫픽스 링크
http://happy-msn.tistory.com/96 agent 설치에러
http://capitalhead.com/articles/installing-system-center-data-protection-manager-(scdpm)-2007-on-windows-server-2008-step-by-step-guide.aspx win2008 에 dpm 올리기
http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/ko-KR/windowsserverko/thread/69459b98-43b7-4959-b39c-b71899506913 : 포럼에 올라온글
http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/ko-KR/windowsserverko/thread/958f866d-53b8-4891-9304-e29fd45b8651 포럼에 내가 적은글..
http://wishy.net/blog/ 데이타 많은 사이트 : 포럼에서 답글 단 사람..
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd347840.aspx : hyper-v 이슈 관련하여 나온 업뎃
[hyper-v] Introduction to Virtual Processors
Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V allows up to four virtual processors in a virtual machine and allows you to configure options on how those virtual processors are balanced across virtual machines. This article describes the options for processor resource control and how to use them.
Hyper-V uses physical processors and cores to provide virtual processors to virtual machines. Each virtual machine starts with a single virtual processor, but you can increase virtual processors to 2 or 4 per virtual machine. Virtual processors are actually threads in the parent partition running on a physical processor. As each virtual machine is powered on, a separate thread is created for each virtual processor in the virtual machine. Each thread can be scheduled by the Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) on separate physical core or processor.
Configuring the number of processors in a virtual machine is done from the virtual machine settings dialog. While you can view the number of virtual processors when the virtual machine is running, you cannot change the number of available processors until the virtual machine is in a powered off state. Figure 1 shows the settings dialog with the Processor hardware node selected, you can see the right hand side has the ability to select the number of processors, in this case 1 or 2 processors are available. This is determined by the number of cores that are available in the parent partition. To be given an option to select 4 processors in a virtual machine the parent partition must have 4 cores (or 4 processors if not multiple cores).
Figure 1
Resource Control
Virtualization allows you to over subscribe the processing limits of the physical hardware. I could only have 4 cores on the physical server, but create and have more than 4 virtual machines running. Each virtual machine would be sharing a virtual processor in the parent partition, but with no limits imposed a virtual machine could consume an entire core in the machine. For example, if I allocate a virtual machine 1 processor on a machine that has a single quad core processor, that virtual machine will have one thread that can consume the equivalent of an entire core or processing time. If it has 2 processors configured it can consume two cores. If you configure the virtual machine to have 4 cores, it could attempt to consume all the processing power of the server and starve the other virtual machines.
The Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) manages the scheduling of threads of all the running virtual machines. By default it attempts to balance the processing evenly across all the cores in the physical machine to get a load balanced processor distribution. As discussed above, it is possible for a virtual machine to consume entire processor cores and starve other threads running on a core. While Hyper-V does not have processor affinity (the ability for the admin to specify the processor core that a thread runs on), you have the ability to tell VMM that you want to apply resource control on a per virtual machine basis to set limits on the virtual machines ability to starve other virtual machines on a single core.
Hyper-V accomplished resource control in different ways:
-
Setting a reserve on processing resources using a percentage
-
Setting a maximum on processing resources using a percentage
-
Setting a relative weight of the virtual machine to others in the system
Virtual Machine Reserve
The virtual machine reserve allows you to specify the percentage of the assigned virtual processor that this virtual machine will be guaranteed on the physical host. This value can range from 1-100% and is relative to the number of processors assigned to the virtual machine. For example, if a physical host has 4 cores and you assign a single processor to a virtual machine, that virtual machine can potentially consume up to an entire processor core of processing time, but it is not guaranteed that the processing time is available at all times.
By setting the reserve value to 100%, a virtual machine will be reserved the equivalent of an entire processor core. If that virtual machine sits idle at 10% most of the time, the other 90% of the processing time is still unavailable to any other virtual machine. Using reserve resource control will limit the amount of available virtual processor resources that can be shared on a Hyper-V host and therefore limit the number of concurrent virtual machines you can power on. If you have 20 virtual machines configured with a single processor on a host with 4 cores and you have each of them set to a reserve of 100%, you can only power on 4 virtual machines.
Reservation should only be used if you want to guarantee a virtual machine processing power. This is typically used on virtual machines that you know will require lots of processing power and has spikes where having a guarantee is extremely important.
Virtual Machine Limit
Virtual Machine limits are the opposite of virtual machine reserve, it allows you to specify the maximum amount of processing power that a virtual machine can consume. This value can range from 100-1% and is relative to the number of processors assigned to the virtual machine. For example, if a physical host has 4 cores and you assign a single processor to a virtual machine, that virtual machine can potentially consume up to an entire processor core of processing time, but there is no limit, so the virtual machine can consume the entire core. By setting the limit value to 10%, that virtual machine will be limited to a maximum of 10% of an entire processor core.
If that virtual machine has a spike in processing it will be limited to no more than 10% of the core and therefore will suffer in performance. Using limit resource control will limit the amount of available virtual processor resources that can be consumed on a Hyper-V host and allow you to control the number of concurrent virtual machines you can power on and have defined amounts of processing power per virtual machine. If you have 20 virtual machines configured with a single processor on a host with 4 cores and you have each of them set to a limit of 10%, you have only consumed the equivalent of two processor cores and can still power on another 20 virtual machines (assuming you have enough memory and disk resources). This also means that if you power on only a single virtual machine it can never consume more than 10% of a single core, so you are performance limiting the virtual machine even when you have excess processing capacity.
Processor limits should only be used if you want to limit a virtual machine processing power. This is typically used by web service providers who want the ability to maximize the number of virtual machines on a host, but provide a specific level of service.
Relative Weight
Relative weight allows you to specify a virtual machine has processing priority without applying a specific limit or reserve. This value can range from 0-10000. Relative weight is used to make a determination of who should get processing resources when multiple requests are being made at a time. For example, by default if you have 4 virtual machines running, all 4 will get equal sharing of the available processing power because they all have the same relative weight. If you have a machine that is more important than the others and want to give that virtual machines request for processing power priority over others, you can assign that VM a higher weight than the other virtual machines. This means that if a virtual machine with a higher weight needs resources, it gets them, but if it is not using them, other virtual machines can use them. This is all still limited by the number of processors assigned to the virtual machine. If you assign a virtual machine a single virtual processor and a high relative weight, it can still only consume a maximum of a single core.
Conclusion
Hyper-V by default provides all virtual machines equal priority and access to resources. You may have situations where you want to guarantee that a virtual machine has a specific amount of processing power available at all times, that you want to be sure that the virtual machine can never consume more than a specific percentage of processing power, or that you want it as a default to balance power except in peak processing times and then give a specific VM more processing priority. Hyper-V gives you the flexibility to choose your resource control method on a per virtual machine basis.
[hyper-v] Virtual Machine Disk Options
Virtual Hard Disk Overview
In order to make virtual machine storage portable while also delivering performance, Microsoft developed the Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) Image Format Specification which includes details of how to read and modify data contained in a VHD file. Microsoft provides the VHD file format specification to third-party developers under a royalty-free license, and many vendors, including Citrix, have adopted and use the format for their virtualization products. If you are interested in obtaining more details on the VHD file format, you can download the specification file from the Microsoft website.
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V uses the VHD format to encapsulate virtual machine data (operating system, application, and data files) into one or more files that are equivalent to physical drives associated with a traditional server. Therefore, if you browse the virtual machine folders on a Hyper-V server, a virtual hard disk is simply stored as a file with a .vhd extension on an attached physical disk. Virtual machines connect to a virtual hard disk through a virtualized IDE or SCSI adapter, and Hyper-V provides the mapping between the virtual hard disk and the .vhd file on the physical disk. A VHD can be stored on any IDE, SCSI, iSCSI, SAN, or NAS storage system supported by the Windows Server 2008 operating system.
You can use the Hyper-V Manager MMC or the WMI API to create new virtual hard disks. A virtual machine running on Hyper-V can support a maximum of 260 virtual hard disks through a combination of 4 IDE and 256 SCSI-connected VHDs. The bus type (IDE or SCSI) used to attach a VHD to a virtual machine imposes a size limitation on virtual hard disks. Specifically, IDE-attached VHDs cannot exceed 127 GB, while SCSI-attached VHDs cannot exceed 2 TB.
Virtual Hard Disk Types
There are two basic types of VHDs provided in Hyper-V:
-
Fixed-size disks
-
Dynamically expanding disks
A fixed-size VHD is one for which data blocks are pre-allocated on a physical disk based on the maximum VHD size defined at the time of creation. For example, if you create a 100 GB fixed-size virtual hard disk, Hyper-V will allocate all 100 GB of data block storage in addition to the overhead required for the VHD disk headers and footers when it creates the new VHD.
In contrast, a dynamically expanding VHD is one for which the initial virtual hard disk contains no data blocks. Instead space is dynamically allocated as data is written to the VHD, up to the maximum size specified when the virtual hard disk was created. For example, a 10-GB dynamically expanding disk contains only VHD headers initially and requires less than 2 MB of physical storage space. As new data is written by the virtual machine to the dynamically expanding VHD, additional physical data blocks are allocated in 2-MB increments to the VHD file, up to a maximum of 10 GB.
In order to provide maximum flexibility, Hyper-V allows you to convert a fixed-size disk to a dynamically expanding disk, and vice-versa. You can also increase the size of both types of VHD files, but the VHDs must be taken offline before you can do this. In addition, Hyper-V allows you to compact a dynamically expanding disk and free up physical disk space by eliminating empty data blocks within a VHD file.
Differencing Disks
A differencing disk is a special type of dynamically expanding VHD file that is related to a “parent” virtual hard disk file as an overlay. For example, if a support engineer needs to troubleshoot operating system issues that involve different update and patch configurations, she can create a virtual machine using a fixed-size or dynamically expanding VHD (the parent VHD) and load a baseline configuration of the operating system in it. In order to create a distinct operating system configuration, she can create a new virtual machine, attach a differencing disk (the child VHD) to it that is related to the parent VHD, and modify the operating system as needed by loading new updates or patches. When the new virtual machine issues a write operation, an internal data structure in the child VHD (differencing disk) is updated to reflect changes that supersede data in the parent VHD, and the actual data is written only to the child VHD. In the case of a read operation, the same internal data structure in the child VHD is checked to determine whether to read data from the child VHD or parent VHD. Any new or changed data is read from the child VHD while unchanged data is always read from the parent VHD.
Differencing disks can be used to create very simple or very complex parent-child hierarchies. A multilevel differencing disk hierarchy is commonly referred to as a chain of differencing disks, reflecting that a child differencing disk can have a parent disk that is also a differencing disk. The chain can consist of several levels, but at the root of the hierarchy, there is always either a standard dynamically expanding or fixed-size VHD. This is important since data changes saved in a differencing disk are simply represented as modified blocks in relation to the parent disk. Therefore, a differencing disk is never used independently, but in conjunction with all disks in its hierarchy.
If you examine a Hyper-V host file system, you will see that each parent and child VHD is stored as an individual file. However, the virtual machine sees only a single disk, independent of how many levels of differencing disks are actually associated with the attached VHD.
Automatic Differencing Disks
Automatic differencing disks are similar to differencing disks. Like a differencing disk, an automatic differencing disk is used to isolate virtual machine data changes from a parent VHD. However, automatic differencing disks are used strictly to support Hyper-V virtual machine snapshots where data changes need to be quickly discarded or a rapid rollback to the base virtual machine state is required.
Unlike fixed-size, dynamically expanding, and differencing disk, which cannot be distinguished from each other by visual inspection of the filename extension (they all use .vhd), an automatic differencing disk is easily identified by a .avhd filename extension. Furthermore, automatic differencing disks are stored in a subdirectory of the virtual machine folder named Snapshots, by default.
One major distinction between differencing disks and automatic differencing disks is in the configuration process. A differencing disk is created at an individual virtual hard disk level and is usually associated with the creation of a new virtual machine. In contrast, an automatic differencing disk is created by Hyper-V when a virtual machine snapshot is taken. In addition, an automatic differencing disk is created for every virtual hard disk associated with the virtual machine. In other words, you do not have the ability to individually choose the virtual hard disks for which automatic differencing disks are generated.
Pass-through Disks
Besides VHDs, Hyper-V supports pass-through disks, which allow virtual machines to access a physical disk mapped to the Hyper-V host, but that does not have a volume configured on it. Pass-through disks can be physically connected to the Hyper-V host or through a LUN on a SAN. An advantage of pass-through disks is that they are not subject to the 2 TB size limit that is imposed on virtual hard disks. In terms of limitations, pass-through disks do not support dynamically expanding virtual hard disks, differencing disks, or virtual machine snapshots. To ensure that a virtual machine has exclusive access to the physical disk, it must be configured offline on the Hyper-V host.
If you plan to use a pass-through disk to boot a virtual machine guest operating system, the virtual machine configuration file must also be stored on a different storage location. In contrast to virtual hard disks that are only files stored on physical disks, the entire pass-through disk is dedicated to the virtual machine guest operating system. Additionally, if you want to use a pass-through disk to boot a virtual machine guest operating system, it must be attached to a virtual IDE controller. In Hyper-V, the virtual SCSI controller is implemented as a synthetic device whose driver is loaded only after the virtual machine boot phase. Conversely, a pass-through disk that contains only application or data files can be connected to either a virtual IDE controller or virtual SCSI controller.
Conclusion
In this article, you learned that virtual machine disks can be configured as fixed-size, dynamically expanding, or differencing disks. You also learned that differencing disks and automatic differencing disks are two special types of dynamically expanding VHDs, and that automatic differencing disks are used exclusively to support virtual machine snapshots. In addition, you learned about the option to use a pass-through disk with a virtual machine, which allows you to exceed the 2 TB VHD size limit.
Understanding and Using Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V Snapshots
What is a Hyper-V Snapshot?
If you use Microsoft Virtual Server 2005 R2 in a test and development or support environment, you probably quickly figured out how to employ differencing and undo virtual hard disks (VHDs) to create hierarchies of virtual machines with incremental configuration variations and rollback capabilities. You can much more easily implement these types of environments using the new Hyper-V snapshot feature, which allows you to capture the configuration and state of a virtual machine at any particular point in time, and provides you with the ability to load any existing snapshot within a matter of seconds.
How does Hyper-V Create a Snapshot?
There are three distinctive elements included in Hyper-V: a Windows hypervisor, child partitions, and a parent partition. The Windows hypervisor runs directly above the hardware and ensures the isolated execution of the parent and child partitions. The role of a child partition is to provide a virtual machine environment to install and execute guest operating systems and applications. Lastly, the parent partition is a special virtual machine that executes Windows Server 2008 and controls the creation and operations of child partitions.
The parent partition creates and manages child partitions through a set of components referred to as the virtualization stack. One of the components in the virtualization stack is the Virtual Machine Management Service (VMMS). The VMMS includes many critical subcomponents, including the Worker Process Manager (WPM) and the Snapshot Manager (SM). The WPM creates a Virtual Machine Worker Process (VMWP) for each virtual machine when it is started. The VMWP manages the creation of snapshots for a virtual machine that is in an online state (started and running). If a virtual machine is offline, and therefore does not have an active VMWP, the Snapshot Manager handles the snapshot creation process.
Figure 1 shows the default virtual machine folder and file set which includes:
- A folder that stores one or more virtual hard drives (VHDs) containing the operating system files, application files, and data.
- A Snapshots folder that originally does not contain any files.
- A Virtual Machines folder that contains an XML-based virtual machine configuration file named using a globally unique identifier (GUID), and a folder named with the same GUID that contains two files. The first file is a saved state file (named using the same GUID as the XML file with a .VSV extension) that is used to store virtual machine state information, such as processor register data. The second file is a binary file (also named with the same GUID as the XML file with a .BIN extension) that is used to store the virtual machine memory contents.
Figure 1: Default virtual machine folder and files before a snapshot
In Figure 1, you can see that the default location for the VHD folder is C:\Users\Public\Documents\Microsoft Hyper-V\Virtual Hard Disks, and that Snapshots and Virtual Machines folders are located in C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Hyper-V. These folder locations can easily be modified in the Hyper-V settings using the Hyper-V Manager console.
For a virtual machine without snapshots, all changes made to the virtual machine guest operating system files, application files, and data are applied to the VHDs associated with the virtual machine. Any state information is stored in the .VSV and .BIN files. If you make changes to the virtual machine settings, the changes are reflected in the XML configuration file.
Essentially, the snapshot creation process results in several new files associated with the virtual machine. As shown in Figure 2, the Snapshot Manager creates the following folders and files in the Snapshots folder:
- A new folder named using the original GUID. In this folder, a new differencing VHD is created for each parent VHD associated with the virtual machine. The new differencing VHD has the name of the original VHD appended with a new GUID and ends with a .AVHD extension.
- A copy of the original virtual machine configuration file named using a new GUID and .XML extension
- A new folder named using the same GUID as the new XML file. This folder contains the saved state file (.VSV) and binary file (.BIN) which are created during the virtual machine snapshot. Both files are named with the same GUID as the new folder.
- The original virtual machine configuration file is updated to replace the original VHD filenames with the new differencing drives.
Figure 2: Virtual machine folders and files after a snapshot
Once a snapshot is created, all guest operating system, application, and data changes made during the execution of the virtual machine are stored in the associated differencing VHDs. If a virtual machine is offline or powered-down when a snapshot is created, there is no virtual machine state or memory contents to save.
For each subsequent snapshot that is created, a new set of folders and files is generated to capture the virtual machine state and configuration. One important item to note is that the new differencing disks created for each subsequent snapshot are related in a parent and child hierarchy with the original VHDs as the top-level nodes.
Creating a Snapshot
In order to create a snapshot of a virtual machine, you can use the Hyper-V Manager. This is an MMC-based console that is enabled when the Hyper-V role is added to Windows Server 2008. As shown in Figure 3, simply right-click on the virtual machine and select the Snapshot option from the menu.
Figure 3: Creating a virtual machine snapshot using the Hyper-V Manager console
Figure 4 illustrates the changes in the Hyper-V Manager console when the snapshot completes. Basically, the Snapshots section now shows a tree structure that reflects the existing virtual machine snapshot hierarchy. The root node of the tree is the snapshot that was just created and includes the creation timestamp. Under the root node, there is a child named Now which represents the running version of the virtual machine.
Figure 4: Snapshot display in the Hyper-V Manager console
As you make changes to the configuration of a virtual machine, you can create and save additional snapshots. For example, if you want to load and test multiple applications on a particular virtual machine, you can load one application at a time, test it, and take a snapshot of the virtual machine before proceeding to load and test the next application. As shown in Figure 5, snapshots that are generated after the initial one are displayed in a parent and child hierarchy that also reflects the relationship of the differencing disks that are created during each snapshot to capture changes to the virtual machine operating system, application, and data.
Figure 5: Snapshot hierarchy display in the Hyper-V Manager console
Reverting to a Previous Snapshot
If after making a series of changes to a virtual machine you decide that you need to go back to the previous snapshot, Hyper-V provides a Revert option to perform this action as shown in Figure 6. Once the Revert option is applied to a virtual machine, the resulting configuration and state of the virtual machine are returned to the settings saved in the snapshot files. This means that any and all configuration changes made since the snapshot was created including virtual hardware modifications to RAM, number of processors, virtual hard disk adapters, and so on, will be lost.
Figure 6: Using the Snapshot Revert Option in the Hyper-V Manager console
When a Revert is performed, the running virtual machine is stopped and the active differencing disks (.AVHD) are deleted. New differencing disks are created and named using a new GUID. The virtual machine configuration saved during the snapshot is reinstated and the names of the new active differencing disks are updated. The virtual machine is then restarted and the save state files (.VSV and .BIN) are loaded. If the snapshot was created when the virtual machine was powered-off, then there are no save state files to load and the virtual machine remains powered-off.
Conclusion
Although the inner workings of the Snapshot feature included in the release of Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V are intricate, it is extremely easy to create and revert to a snapshot using the Hyper-V Manager console. The ease of use of the Snapshot feature within Hyper-V facilitates the creation of virtual machine hierarchies with configuration variations that accommodate test and development environments, incremental desktop and server image builds, and many other complex scenarios. This is one of many improvements in Windows virtualization technology which makes it competitive with other established virtualization products like VMWare.
DPM2007 설치전 준비사항
1. .NET framework 2.0 이상 설치 . dotnefx35setup.exe http://www.networkpark.com/150 dpm sp1 임 (x32) DataProtectionManager2007-KB959605.exe
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http://technet.microsoft.com/ko-kr/dpm/bb737892(en-us).aspx : dpm troubleshooting page
시스템 요구 사항
지원하는 운영 체제: Longhorn (Windows Code Name) ; Windows Server 2003; Windows Server 2003 R2 (32-Bit x86); Windows Server 2003 R2 Datacenter Edition (32-Bit x86); Windows Server 2003 R2 Datacenter x64 Edition; Windows Server 2003 R2 Enterprise Edition (32-Bit x86); Windows Server 2003 R2 Enterprise x64 Edition; Windows Server 2003 R2 Standard Edition (32-bit x86); Windows Server 2003 R2 Standard x64 Edition ; Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 2; Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 2 x64 Edition; Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition (32-bit x86); Windows Server 2003, Datacenter x64 Edition; Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition (32-bit x86); Windows Server 2003, Enterprise x64 Edition; Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition (32-bit x86); Windows Server 2003, Standard x64 Edition
• 3GHz 이상 프로세서 또는 2GHz 이상 이중 프로세서 장착 컴퓨터
• 2GB 이상 RAM
• 하드 디스크 공간:
– 시스템 드라이브용 2.65GB
– 프로그램 파일 드라이브용 410MB
– 데이터베이스 파일 드라이브용 900MB
– 보호된 데이터의 2~3배 크기의 저장소 풀 권장(최소 1.5배)
• 서버에는 2개 이상의 디스크가 설치되어 있어야 합니다(시스템 및 Data Protection Manager 설치 파일 전용의 디스크 1개와 저장소 풀 전용의 디스크 1개).
• Active Directory® 디렉터리 서비스
참고
Data Protection Manager 2007은 데이터 보호 역할을 전담하는 단일 용도 서버에서 실행되도록 설계되었습니다.
http://www.microsoft.com/systemcenter/dpm/beta/faq.mspx"에 있는 FAQ를 검토하십시오.
Microsoft DPM 2007 설치
Microsoft DPM 2007 설치
Microsoft DPM 2007 설치
->Windows 2003 환경에서 설치됨 , windows 2008 에서는 Pre-Release 버전임.
à SQL 2005 Standard 설치함.
àiis 설치
그림 1 ) DPM 2007 Evaluation 을 풀면 아래와 같이 SQL 도 그 안에 있음.
즉, 설치가 필요하다는 개념임
그림 ) DPM 압축 풀었을시…
여기서는 W2K3 플랫폼에서 설치하고 있음.
KB :
2. http://www.msexchange.org/tutorials/Backing-Up-Exchange-Data-Protection-Manager.html
3. http://www.microsoft.com/korea/systemcenter/dpm/workloads/exchange.mspx
Step1. Pre-requirement 그림
Step1 . Powershell 설치 – WINDOWs 2003
Powershell 은 미리 설치되어 있음.
Step2. IIS 설치
Step 3. .NET Framework 설치 – 미리 설치
Step 4. SQL 2005 SP2 With reporting service 설치
그림 1)
그림 2)
그림 3)
그림 4) reporting 서비스는 Must 임
그림5 )
그림 6)
그림 7)
그림 8)
그림 9)
그림 10: )
그림11) sp2 설치
그림 12)
그림 13)
그림 14)
참고 : DPM 2007 은 SQL 2005 를 포함하고 있음.
Step5. DPM 2007 Setup
그림2) data protection manager
그림 3)
그림 4) pre-requirement 체크
그림 5 )핫픽스 설치하고 진행 – SQL 의 경우는 해당 프로시저중에 있음. 미리 설치하였으면
기존것을 사용하면됨.
그림 6) agent 서비스를 시작해야함.
그림 7) 보안 설정
그림 8)
그림 9) DPM 을 제외한 나머지 구성요소가 다 설치되어 있으면 체크만 하고 나중에 DPM 만 설치됨. SQL Server , SQL Reporting service, Agent service는 자동으로 구성
그림 10)
SUPPORT TOOL 을 설치하지 않아 ERROR 가 발생됨
그림 11) 다시 실행해야 함.
그림12) 설치 완료후 부팅함.
Step 5. DPM 구성 (Agent 설치를 위해서)
그림 1) disk 추가 및 agent 를 설치해라.
Disk 탭에는 디스크로 백업을 받는곳, 라이브러리는 라이브러리로 백업하기..
그림 2) 추가 버튼을 눌러서…
그림 3) 로컬에서 사용되지 않은 디스크만 설치 가능.
그림 4) 동적-단순 디스크만 지원됨. 풀 구성시..-
그림 5)
그림 6)
그림7) 에이전트 설치전 파일 복사 (from exchange to dpm server)
그림 8) agent 설치 – 설치를 눌러서..
그림 9) 컴퓨터 선택
그림 10)
그림 11) 경고창 무시하고.
그림 12)
그림 13)
그림 14) 완료
Step 7 백업 하기
그림1) 백업장에서는 보호 à 보호 그룹 만들기가 백업임.
그림 2)설치하고 나서 agent를 설치한 머신에 서버를 부팅하지 않으면 항목이 나타나지 않음.
그림 3 ) exchange machine을 리부팅하고 나서.
부팅후 다시 만들려고 하면.
그림 4) 타겟 머신에 해당 서비스가 auto 로 start 되어 있는지 확인
그림 5) 프로그램 추가 제거에서 확인
그림 6) 수동으로 된 서비스 항목이 start 되어 있지 않아 문제 발생되었음.
-- 서비스 다시 시작하고 다시 실행함.
그림 7)
그림 8) 라이브러리 구성하지 않았기 떄문에 활성화 되지 않았음
그림 9)
그림 10)
참고. Exchange agent 를 설치하기 위해서는 아래의 위치에 exchange backend server에서 ese.dll 과 eseutil.exe 파일을 복사해서 넣는다.